Autoclave

• Improper packaging (i.e. steam cannot penetrate), too many instruments per package
• Improper loading (i.e. packages not spaced)
• Gauges not indicating proper function (heat and pressure)
• Inadequate sterilization time
• Faulty seals, heating coils, traps, exhaust lines, etc.
• Air in the chamber
• Wet steam and/or inadequate drying

Unsaturated Chemical Vapor ? Chemiclave

• Gauges not indicating proper function (heat and pressure)
• Inadequate sterilization time
• Sealed containers foil, and cloth cannot be used.  Use only approved wraps.
• Wet instruments placed in sterilizer; water added to Vaposteril solution
• Inadequate spacing of packs
• Worn door gasket or seals
• Cold start
• Vaposteril solution may be out of date

Dry Heat

• Inadequate temperatures
• Inadequate sterilization time
• Interrupted sterilization cycle
• Packages too bulky or not spaced properly
• Use of sterilization wraps not suitable for dry heat
• Use of inappropriate equipment (conventional household ovens, toaster ovens, etc.)

Adapted from Molonari et al, Compendium, December, 1994, p. 1426.