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Definition
Whiplash is a neck injury that includes:
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Spraining the neck ligaments |
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Straining the neck muscles |
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Causes
Whiplash can occur with any sudden, violent, backward jerk of the head or neck. Common causes include:
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Motor vehicle accidents |
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Athletic injuries |
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Falls |
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Assaults |
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Risk Factors
A risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease or condition.
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Age: Young adults |
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Sex: Male |
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Ankylosing spondylitis (a rheumatic disease) |
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Symptoms
The symptoms of whiplash usually develop over the several hours following the injury. Within 24 hours of the injuring event, symptoms tend to reach their peak. Symptoms include:
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Stiff neck |
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Neck pain |
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Numbness or tingling |
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Shoulder pain and stiffness |
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Decreased range of neck motion |
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Muscle spasms |
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Headache |
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Pain extending down an arm |
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Diagnosis
The doctor will ask about your symptoms and how the injury occurred, and perform a physical exam. Tests may include:
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Neck X-ray — a test that uses radiation to take a picture of structures in the neck, especially bones |
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CT Scan — a type of X-ray that uses a computer to make pictures of structures inside the neck |
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MRI Scan — a test that uses magnetic waves to make pictures of structures inside the neck |
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CT Myelogram — a test that uses dye to better see structures in the neck |
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Treatment
Treatment includes:
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Restricted Activity — You may need to rest. As symptoms decrease, activity can be increased. |
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Neck (Cervical) Collar — This is usually worn for 2-3 weeks. |
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Heat or Ice Packs — Talk with your doctor about using heat and ice to relieve muscle tension and pain. Wrap the heat or ice pack in a towel. Never place it directly on the skin. |
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Medications — These may include: |
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- Pain relievers |
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- Anti-inflammatory drugs |
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- Muscle relaxants |
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Physical Therapy — Physical therapy and exercises may help strengthen neck muscles and improve neck motion. |
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Prevention
There are no guidelines for preventing whiplash because it often occurs due to an unexpected event. If you have a weak neck due to another medical condition, you may need to avoid certain activities or wear a cervical collar in certain situations.
Copyright© 2000 HealthGate® Data Corp. All rights reserved.
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