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For In-Depth information on Spinal Stenosis, click here.
Definition
Spinal stenosis is the narrowing of the space within the spinal canal. The spinal canal is a small space within the backbone that holds the nerve roots and spinal cord. If this space grows smaller, it can squeeze the nerves and the spinal cord causing pain. Stenosis can occur anywhere along the spinal cord but is more common in the lumbar region.
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Causes
Some people are born with narrowed canals, but most often stenosis is a result of aging. Condition that can cause spinal stenosis include:
- Osteoarthritis
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Aging
- Spinal tumors
- Trauma
- Paget's disease of the bone
- Previous surgery
- Exostoses of the spine (overgrowth of spinal bone due to long-term excessive fluoride intake)
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Risk Factors
A risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease or condition.
- Being born with a narrow spinal canal
- Age: 50 or older
- Previous injury to the spine
- Symptoms
- Symptoms include:
- Numbness, weakness, cramping, or pain in the legs
- Radiating pain down the leg
- Abnormal bowel and/or bladder function
- Numbness in the feet causing difficulty placing the feet when walking
- Loss of sexual function
- Partial or complete paralysis of legs
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Diagnosis
Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and perform a physical exam.
Tests may include:
- X-ray — to check for spinal damage
- CT Scan — a type of X-ray that uses a computer to make pictures of structures inside the back. This may help to evaluate the spinal canal and the surrounding bone.
- MRI Scan — a test that uses magnetic waves to make pictures of soft tissues such as the spinal cord and the spinal nerves inside the back
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Treatment
Treatments include:
- Medication
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) - to relieve pain and inflammation
- Analgesics - to relieve pain
- Corticosteroid injections - to reduce pain and inflammation
- Physical Therapy
- Special exercises can help stabilize the spinal cord by increasing endurance and motion of the spine.
- Support Devices
- Wearing a corset or lumbar brace can help stabilize the spine and alleviate pain.
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Surgery
Surgery is reserved for severe cases.
- Laminectomy - removal of build-up of bony spurs or increased bone mass in the spinal canal. This can free up space for the nerves and the spinal cord.
- Spinal fusion - fusing together two vertebrae to provide stronger support for the spine
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Prevention
There are no guidelines for preventing spinal stenosis.
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